Silicon Valley is a nickname for the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area, which is located in the state of California. It is home to hundreds of start-up and global tech companies with Google, Apple and Facebook among the most prominent.
The word "Silicon" originally referred to the large number of Silicon Chip Innovators and manufacturers in the region whereas "Valley" refers to the Santa Clara Valley where the region has traditionally been centered.
Silicon Valley is a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and development. It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit, the microprocessor, and the microcomputer, among other key technologies, were developed.
Thousands of high technology companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley. Among those, the following are in the Fortune 1000:
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| Apple Inc |
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| Cisco Systems |
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| Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) |
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| Adobe System |
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| eBay |
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| Intel |
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| Intuit |
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| Nvidia |
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| Yahoo! |
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| Oracle |
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| Sun Microsystems |
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Additional notable companies headquartered (or with a significant presence) in Silicon Valley include (some defunct or subsumed):
- 3Com (acquired by HP)
- 8x8
- Actel
- Actuate Corporation
- Adaptec
- Aeria Games and Entertainment
- Akamai Technologies (HQ in Cambridge, Massachusetts)
- Altera
- Amazon.com's A9.com
- Amazon.com's Lab126.com
- Amdahl
- Aricent
- AstraQom
- Asus (headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan)
- Atari
- Atmel
- Broadcom (headquartered in Irvine, California)
- BEA Systems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)
- Cadence Design Systems
- Cypress Semiconductor
- Dell (headquartered in Round Rock, Texas)
- EMC Corporation (headquartered in Hopkinton, Massachusetts)
- Extreme Networks
- E*TRADE (headquartered in New York, NY)
- Fairchild Semiconductor
- Foundry Networks
- Fujitsu (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)
- Groupon (headquartered in Chicago, IL)
- HCL Technologies (headquartered in Noida, India)
- Hitachi Data Systems
- Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
- IBM Almaden Research Center (headquartered in Armonk, New York)
- Infosys (headquartered in Bangalore, India)
- IDEO
- Informatica
- Intuitive Surgical
- Kerio Technologies
- Logitech
- Maxtor (acquired by Seagate)
- McAfee (acquired by Intel)
- Memorex (acquired by Imation and moved to Cerritos, California)
- MetricStream
- Micron Technology (headquartered in Boise, Idaho)
- Microsoft (headquartered in Redmond, Washington)
- Mozilla Foundation
- Move, Inc.
- Nokia (headquartered in Espoo, Finland)
- Nokia Solutions and Networks (headquartered in Espoo, Finland)
- NXP Semiconductors
- Nook (subsidiary of Barnes & Noble)
- Olivetti (headquartered in Ivrea, Italy)
- Opera Software (headquartered in Oslo, Norway)
- OPPO
- Palm, Inc. (acquired by HP)
- Panasonic (headquartered in Osaka, Japan)
- PARC
- PayPal (it has been demerged from Ebay)
- Pixar
- Playdom
- PlayPhone
- Qualcomm, Inc. (HQ in San Diego, CA)
- Quanta Computer
- Quantcast
- Quora
- Rambus
- RSA (acquired by EMC)
- Samsung Electronics (headquartered in Suwon, Korea)
- SAP AG (headquartered in Walldorf, Germany)
- Siemens (headquartered in Berlin and Munich, Germany)
- Sony (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)
- Sony Ericsson
- SRI International
- Sun Microsystems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)
- SunPower
- SurveyMonkey
- Synopsys Inc.
- Tata Consultancy Services (headquartered in Mumbai, India)
- Tibco Software
- Tesla Motors
- TiVo
- TSMC
- VA Software (Slashdot)
- VeriSign
- Veritas Software (acquired by Symantec)
- VMware
- WebEx (acquired by Cisco Systems)
- @WalmartLabs (acquired by Walmart Global eCommerce)
- YouTube (acquired by Google)
- Yelp, Inc.
- Zynga
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